Employees at Case Western Reserve University (USA) have made a discovery that could lead to the development of new treatments for cardiovascular disease. They identified a genetic factor that prevents clogging of blood vessels.
It was found that the lack of the genetic factor KLF4, which regulates the endothelial cells lining the inner surface of the blood vessels, makes this surface more prone to the formation of plaques and harmful fat deposits. The resulting plaques (atherosclerosis) constrict the blood vessels and create the prerequisites for the formation of a clot (blood clot), which someday leads to a heart attack and stroke.
Conversely, an adequate level of KLF4 protects the inner lining of blood vessels from toxins and other harmful substances, preventing the formation of plaques and clots.
To more accurately determine the role of KLF4 in the prevention of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, scientists conducted research on laboratory mice.
For several years, scientists hatched mice with high or low levels of KLF4 in the endothelium. To mimic the unhealthy eating habits of residents of most countries, animals were fed foods high in fat for five to six months.
Researchers found that despite a fatty diet, mice with high KLF4 levels were protected from the development of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Those with few KLF4 had damaged blood vessels.
Researchers are currently developing tools to detect small molecules that can increase KLF4 levels. The long-term goal is to develop a drug that will be used to treat heart disease along with existing drugs.
